Crimes typically fall into three major categories – felonies, misdemeanors, and minor charges. This “sliding scale” helps judges and juries assess options for rehabilitation and justice. In general, the more serious the charge against you, the more severe the punishment you will endure if convicted.
Your Colorado criminal defense attorney can explain the various classification schemes further and suggest a strategy to build your case effectively to minimize your punishment.
Serious crimes (a.k.a. felonies)
Convicted felons can suffer the consequences of their charges for years – if not for the rest of their lives. Punishments can range from the relatively minor (e.g. forced community service, probation) to the more serious (e.g. jail time and steep fines) to the extremely severe (e.g. life imprisonment, death penalty).
Common felonies included rape, first-degree murder, kidnapping, and vehicular homicide. In federal cases (as well as certain state trials), defendants may be eligible for a grand jury trial. Given the serious consequences of felony conviction, the Constitution lays out numerous protections to ensure that defendants get fair hearings for the charges against them. Defendants who are too poor to retain counsel will have counsel appointed to them by the state.
Convicted felons can encounter a host of obstacles even after serving out a sentence. These problems might include: loss of certain public benefits, credit problems, restricted ability to possess firearms, and loss of certain parental rights. In addition, convicted felons can suffer social stigmas, have trouble finding employment, and endure psychological problems resulting from their punishment.
Mid-level crimes (a.k.a misdemeanors)
Although punishments for misdemeanors may be less harsh than they are for certain felonies, the consequences of conviction can significantly impact the individual’s future for the long-term.
If convicted of a misdemeanor, you may have to pay a nasty fine, forfeit property, or even serve time in prison. Federal law does not guarantee the right to a grand jury trial for defendants charged with misdemeanors. Also, the rules and proceedings at misdemeanor trials are typically more relaxed than they are at felony cases.
If you are too poor to retain counsel, the state may only provide assistance if you face potential jail time. You may or may not have the right to a jury trial, depending on state law and the circumstances of your case.
Smaller scale charges
Petty offenses and infractions
This category of crime includes traffic tickets, citations (like jaywalking) and violations (like disobeying a building fire ordinance). Not all petty offenses can be classified as crimes per se. But if left unaddressed, these violations can lead to other legal problems as well as financial consequences, such as a lowered credit score.
Conclusion
It is important to keep in mind that crime classifications vary by jurisdiction and that this article provides only general information. To understand the details of a criminal charge in your jurisdiction, an attorney can explain the potential punishment and ramifications.
DISCLAIMER: This site and any information contained herein are intended for informational purposes only and should not be construed as legal advice. Seek competent legal counsel for advice on any legal matter.
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